Berkshire Hogs: Breed Profile

The Berkshire is a black pig with white markings on the face, feet and tail, often called the six white points. It has erect ears and a dished face. The breed has a loyal following among people who value pork flavor and a long place in American livestock shows.

History

The breed is named for Berkshire County in England, where it was developed over several centuries. Berkshires reached the United States in the early nineteenth century. American breeders formed a registry, and the American Berkshire Association now keeps records. The breed is also well known in Japan, where its pork is sold under the name Kurobuta.

Purpose

Berkshires were bred as meat pigs and are valued for marbling and tender, flavorful pork compared with some modern lean-type breeds. They are used by small farms and direct-market producers, and they are also shown as a purebred breed and as part of crossbreeding programs.

Where the breed stands today

Berkshires are more common than many heritage swine breeds, with an active registry and a youth program. The Livestock Conservancy has tracked the breed on its conservation lists in the past, so check the current list for the latest status.

Showing Berkshires at 4-H and FFA

Pros

• Recognized breed. Many large swine shows include Berkshire classes.
• Strong meat reputation. The breed has a story that is easy to tell to buyers.
• Active junior support. The breed association offers youth programs and shows.
• Good for direct sales. Meat from Berkshires can appeal to customers who value flavor.
• Hardy and adaptable. The breed can do well in outdoor and small-farm systems.

Cons

• Market class standards. Market hog classes often reward lean, heavily muscled animals, and Berkshires may not match that ideal.
• Competition from crossbreds. Many market champions are crossbred.
• Smaller classes. Some shows have few Berkshire entries.
• Limited availability. Show-quality breeding stock may require travel.
• Weight management. The breed can finish fatter, so feed programs need care.

What to look for in a Berkshire project animal

Berkshires should show the breed's black color with white on the face, feet and tail tip, upright ears and a slightly dished face. Judges look for a long, level body, a deep rib, a wide, muscled loin and ham, and sound feet and legs. For a gilt, check that she has at least the minimum number of well-spaced teats, usually twelve or more, and a feminine head. For a barrow, look for balance and muscling.

Questions to ask a breeder

• Is the pig registered with the American Berkshire Association?
• What did the parents eat, and how were they raised?
• Has the pig been handled, walked and washed?
• How fast has she been growing, and what is the expected finishing weight?
• Does my show accept Berkshires in the market class and sale?

Ask for photos of the dam and sire and look at them when you visit.

Bottom line

Berkshires are a respected, historic breed that does well in purebred classes and direct sales, but they can be a challenge in a market class judged on lean muscle. Ask your show how classes are set up.

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